Roth IRA Calculator
Project your Roth IRA balance at retirement. Contributions grow tax-free and qualified withdrawals are completely tax-free.
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Roth IRA Decision Support System
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Why is a Roth IRA Powerful?
DIRECT ANSWERThe short answer: A Roth IRA is the only retirement account offering tax-free growth and tax-free withdrawals forever. You pay income tax now, but every dollar of compound growth over the next 40 years is yours tax-free. A 30-year-old contributing the max $7,000/year at 7% return accumulates $1.38 million by 65 — and pays $0 in tax on it.
2026 limits: $7,000 contribution ($8,000 if age 50+). MAGI phase-out: single filers phase out $150K–$165K; married filing jointly phase out $236K–$246K. Above these limits, use the "backdoor Roth" strategy (traditional IRA contribution + immediate conversion).
The secret FIRE weapon: Your contributions (not earnings) are always withdrawable penalty-free at any age. A 30-year-old with $70,000 in Roth contributions can withdraw that $70,000 tax-free at 45 with no penalty — making Roth IRA the pre-59.5 bridge fund for early retirement.
What Tax-Free Growth Saves You
In a Traditional IRA, you'll owe income tax on every withdrawal — at retirement that's typically 22–32%. On a $1M balance, that's $220,000–$320,000 lost to taxes. In a Roth IRA, that same $1M is fully yours to spend.
Maxing the Roth IRA Long-Term
Contributing the full $7,000/year at 7% annual return compounds to:
| After 10 years | $104,500 |
| After 20 years | $314,800 |
| After 30 years | $729,000 |
| After 40 years | $1,545,000 |
Roth IRA Benchmarks
LIVE DATA fincalcs.coSource: IRS, Fidelity, Federal Reserve 2026
Roth vs Traditional: The Decision
COMPARISONSame math, different timing. The answer depends on current tax bracket vs expected retirement bracket.
| Feature | Roth IRA | Traditional IRA | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contribution tax treatment | After-tax (no deduction) | Pre-tax (if eligible) | Traditional now |
| Growth tax treatment | Tax-free forever | Tax-deferred | Roth |
| Withdrawal tax treatment | Tax-free (after 59.5) | Ordinary income tax | Roth |
| RMDs at age 73+ | None (during lifetime) | Required | Roth (flexibility) |
| Early withdrawal of contributions | Anytime, no penalty | 10% penalty + tax | Roth |
| Income limits | Phase-out at $150K/$236K | None for contribution | Traditional |
| Best for | Young savers, expect higher future tax | High earners now, expect lower tax later | Depends |
Rule of thumb: Under age 40 with decades of growth ahead = Roth usually wins because all that compounding becomes tax-free. High earner near retirement in a high bracket = Traditional often wins because the current tax deduction value is significant. Many savers benefit from having both ("tax diversification").
The Roth IRA Numbers That Matter
A $7,000 Roth contribution at 25 becomes $105,000 tax-free at 65. At 7% return over 40 years, $7,000 → $104,850. If you'd put that in a taxable account and paid 15% capital gains at withdrawal: ~$89,000. The tax-free growth is worth about 18% more on a single contribution, and compounds across every contribution over a career.
Maxing Roth from 25 to 65 = $1.38M tax-free. $7,000/year × 40 years at 7% = $1,378,000 balance. Your total contributions: $280,000. Your tax-free growth: $1.1M. That's a $1.1M gift from compound interest you'll never pay tax on. No other vehicle offers this at the retail level.
Backdoor Roth is legal and common for high earners. Above the income limit? Contribute to a Traditional IRA (non-deductible), then convert to Roth immediately. No tax owed on the conversion if you have no existing pre-tax IRA balance. This is a Congress-sanctioned workaround that has been in use since 2010.
The 5-year rule is real but often misunderstood. Each conversion has its own 5-year clock for penalty-free withdrawal of converted amounts. Regular contributions: withdrawable anytime, no clock. Earnings: must wait until 59.5 AND 5 years since first Roth contribution. Plan Roth ladders carefully if using for early retirement.
Roth contributions as emergency fund aren't crazy. While you ideally want separate emergency savings in HYSA, knowing your Roth contributions are accessible penalty-free adds resilience. A household with $20K in HYSA + $80K in Roth contributions has effectively $100K of emergency capacity — far more cushion than most Americans.
What Has the Biggest Impact on Roth Growth?
SENSITIVITYBaseline: Age 30, $10K current balance, $7K/year contribution, 7% return, retire at 65. Baseline: $1.45M tax-free at 65.
| Variable | Low | Baseline | High | Leverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting age | Age 40 $665K | Age 30 $1.45M | Age 22 $2.32M | EXTREME |
| Annual contribution | $3,500 $784K | $7,000 (max) $1.45M | $8,000 (50+) $1.59M | EXTREME |
| Annual return | 5% $857K | 7% $1.45M | 9% $2.45M | HIGH |
| Contribution increase per year | 0%/yr $1.45M | 0%/yr $1.45M | +3%/yr $1.94M | +$490K |
| Fees (expense ratio) | 0.03% (index) $1.48M | 0.50% $1.45M | 1.00% (active) $1.19M | HIGH |
Key insight: Starting early is the dominant lever. Starting at 22 instead of 30 adds $870K. The tax-free growth compounds so powerfully that even modest early contributions beat maxing out late. Fees matter more than most realize: a 0.47% fee difference costs $290K over 35 years.
2026 Roth IRA Rules & Limits
IRS PUBLISHED| Rule | Amount / Threshold | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Contribution limit (under 50) | $7,000/year | Must have earned income equal or greater |
| Catch-up contribution (50+) | $1,000/year additional | Total $8,000 for 50 and older |
| Single filer MAGI phase-out begins | $150,000 | Reduced contributions |
| Single filer MAGI complete cutoff | $165,000 | No direct contribution; use backdoor |
| Married joint MAGI phase-out begins | $236,000 | Reduced contributions |
| Married joint MAGI complete cutoff | $246,000 | No direct contribution; use backdoor |
| Contribution deadline | April 15, 2027 | For 2026 tax year contributions |
| Age for penalty-free earnings withdrawal | 59.5 + 5-year rule | Contributions withdrawable anytime |
Source: IRS Notice 2025-72 (October 2025). Phase-out ranges are inflation-adjusted annually. Backdoor Roth: contribute to Traditional IRA (non-deductible), convert to Roth immediately. Avoid the "pro-rata rule" trap by first rolling any pre-tax IRA into your 401(k).
The Math Behind Roth Projections
TRANSPARENT1. Future Value With Annual Contributions
FV = P × (1 + r)n + PMT × [((1 + r)n − 1) / r]
P = starting balance, r = annual return, n = years, PMT = annual contribution. A 30-year-old with $10K starting, contributing $7K/year at 7% for 35 years: $10K × 1.0735 + $7K × 138.24 = $106K + $968K = $1.07M tax-free.
2. With Contribution Escalation
FV = P × (1 + r)n + PMT × [((1 + r)n − (1 + g)n) / (r − g)]
g = annual contribution growth rate. If you increase contributions 3%/year alongside IRS limit growth, the second term uses this growing-annuity formula. Adds roughly 20-30% to final balance over a full career.
3. MAGI Phase-Out Reduction (Single Filer)
Reduced Limit = $7,000 × (($165,000 − MAGI) / $15,000)
At $157,500 MAGI (single): $7,000 × (7,500 / 15,000) = $3,500 max direct contribution. Backdoor Roth bypasses this entirely.
4. Tax-Equivalent Value
Tax Savings = Final Balance − (Final Balance × (1 − Tax Rate))
At $1.45M Roth balance vs equivalent taxable: assuming 15% long-term capital gains, the Roth saves $217,500 in taxes. At 20% cap gains: $290,000. At ordinary income rates if Traditional IRA (22% bracket): $319,000.
Where Roth IRA Fits in Your Plan
CONNECTEDRoth is a complement to other tax-advantaged accounts, not a replacement. Here's the sequence.
Roth IRA Optimization Matrix
Five decisions that maximize your Roth IRA value.
| Decision | Status | Benchmark | What To Do |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contribute every year | Always | Max when possible | Even $2,000/year is transformational. Miss years = permanently miss compound growth. |
| Direct or backdoor? | Check MAGI | Direct under phase-out | Above $150K single / $236K joint: use backdoor. Same benefits, extra paperwork (Form 8606). |
| Fund selection | Low cost index | Under 0.10% fees | VTI/VTSAX (total market) or target-date funds. Avoid anything over 0.50% expense ratio. |
| Track contributions | Essential | Keep lifetime record | You'll need this for withdrawing contributions early (no penalty). Keep annual Form 5498s. |
| Roth vs Traditional | Depends | Under 40: Roth High earner 50+: Traditional | Young = decades of tax-free growth. Older high earner = bigger current deduction value. |
Five Roth IRA Mistakes With Dollar Costs
| The Mistake | What It Actually Costs |
|---|---|
| Not opening one because "I already have 401(k)" Stacking tax advantages | $1.1M tax-free growth forfeited Roth is separate from 401(k). Maxing both is standard high-savings strategy. |
| Missing the backdoor Roth when eligible High earner thinks Roth is off-limits | $7K/year x career = $1.38M forfeited Backdoor Roth is legal, widely used. Takes 10 minutes per year at most brokerages. |
| High-fee mutual funds inside Roth 0.75% expense ratio vs 0.03% index | $290K less over 40 years Fee difference compounds. Wasting Roth's tax benefit on an overpriced fund is double-painful. |
| Withdrawing contributions for non-emergency Buying a car, vacation, etc. | Permanent loss of contribution slot You can't re-contribute once withdrawn for that year. $7K/year slot lost forever. |
| Triggering pro-rata rule with backdoor Having pre-tax IRA balance during conversion | Large tax bill on conversion Roll pre-tax IRAs into 401(k) first. Then backdoor Roth is tax-free. |
Sources: IRS Publication 590-A, Bogleheads Wiki Roth conversions, Vanguard Investor Advisor Alpha Study 2022.
What Should You Do Next?
UPDATES LIVEThree highest-leverage actions for your Roth IRA.
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Advanced Roth IRA Analysis 2026 RULES
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2026 Roth IRA Eligibility — Can You Contribute, And How Much?
Your eligibility to contribute directly to a Roth IRA depends on your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI). Above the upper threshold, no direct contribution is allowed — but the Backdoor Roth strategy is still available regardless of income. Eligibility is checked based on your tax filing status and MAGI for the year you're contributing for.
| 2026 Filing Status | Full Contribution Below | Phase-Out Range | No Contribution Above |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single / HOH | $153,000 | $153,000–$168,000 | $168,000 |
| Married filing jointly / QSS | $242,000 | $242,000–$252,000 | $252,000 |
| MFS — lived with spouse | $0 (statutory) | $0–$10,000 | $10,000 |
| MFS — lived apart all year | Treated as Single | $153K-$168K | $168,000 |
Above the income limit? Three options remain
- Backdoor Roth IRA: Make a non-deductible Traditional IRA contribution ($7,500), then immediately convert to Roth. Watch the pro-rata rule if you have other pre-tax IRA balances. Backdoor Roth Calculator →
- Mega Backdoor Roth: If your 401(k) plan allows after-tax contributions PLUS in-service distributions or in-plan Roth conversions, you can contribute up to $46,500 ($70K total cap minus your $24,500 employee limit minus employer match) and convert annually.
- Roth 401(k): No income limit at all. $24,500 limit ($32,500 if 50+, $35,750 if 60-63 with super catch-up). Per SECURE 2.0 §603, if you earned over $150K FICA wages in 2025, your 2026 catch-up MUST be Roth.
Saver's Credit for low/moderate earners
If your 2026 AGI is below $40,250 (single), $60,375 (HOH), or $80,500 (MFJ), you may qualify for the Saver's Credit — up to 50% of your contribution as a non-refundable credit (max $1,000 single / $2,000 MFJ). File Form 8880. This stacks on top of any tax benefit and is widely missed by young earners who would otherwise qualify.
All 2026 limits per IRS Notice 2025-67. Phase-out arithmetic per IRC §408A(c)(3). MFS-Together $0-$10,000 phase-out is statutory and never inflation-adjusted. Reduced contribution amounts round UP to next $10 with $200 statutory floor.
The Lifetime Value of a Tax-Free Wrapper
A Roth IRA isn't just "no tax in retirement" — it's 40+ years of completely tax-free compounding, no taxes on dividends or rebalancing, no RMDs ever, and tax-free inheritance to your spouse. The math gets dramatic over long horizons.
| Total contributions | $262,500 |
| Tax-free growth | ~$775,000 |
| Ending balance (entirely tax-free in retirement) | ~$1,037,000 |
| Equivalent Trad IRA after 22% retirement tax | ~$808,860 |
| Roth advantage at 22% retirement bracket | +$228,140 |
| Years | $3,750 Half-Max | $7,500 Full Max | $8,600 Max + Catch-Up |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 years | $53,860 | $107,720 | $123,520 |
| 20 years | $159,890 | $319,780 | $366,690 |
| 30 years | $365,690 | $731,380 | $838,640 |
| 40 years | $769,580 | $1,539,160 | $1,765,170 |
Assumes 7% nominal annual return, year-end contributions, contributions held constant (real-world IRS limits will rise with inflation). All values are tax-free at retirement when 5-year rule + age 59½ are satisfied.
Why this beats a taxable brokerage by even more
A taxable brokerage account drags ~0.6-1.0% per year from dividend taxes alone (assuming 15-20% LTCG rate on ~2% dividend yield). Over 35 years, that drag compounds to ~21-32% lower ending balance. So the Roth's edge over a taxable account is even larger than its edge over Traditional — you avoid both the income tax AND the dividend tax drag.
Tax drag analysis based on Vanguard whitepaper "Quantifying the impact of taxes on returns." Foundational research: Damodaran NYU Stern historical S&P returns 1928-2025 (10.2% nominal, ~7% real).
The Two 5-Year Rules — The Most Misunderstood Roth Feature
Most people think "the 5-year rule" — but there are actually two separate 5-year rules that operate independently. Confusing them is the most common Roth mistake. Both are about earnings/converted-amount withdrawals; your direct contributions can ALWAYS be withdrawn tax-free and penalty-free regardless of either rule.
| Rule | What It Governs | Clock Starts | Penalty If Violated |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rule #1: Contribution 5-year | Tax-free withdrawal of EARNINGS | Jan 1 of year of FIRST Roth contribution (any Roth) | Earnings taxed as ordinary income; 10% penalty if under 59½ |
| Rule #2: Conversion 5-year | Penalty-free withdrawal of CONVERTED amounts | Jan 1 of year of EACH conversion (separate clock per conversion) | 10% penalty on the converted amount (no income tax, since already paid) |
- Direct contributions are ALWAYS withdrawable tax-free + penalty-free, at any age, for any reason. Roth IRAs are uniquely flexible this way.
- Converted amounts AFTER both age 59½ AND 5 years of conversion: tax-free + penalty-free.
- Earnings AFTER both age 59½ AND 5 years since first Roth contribution: tax-free + penalty-free (this is the "fully qualified" withdrawal).
Worked example: 4 scenarios
| Scenario | Withdrawal | Tax? | 10% Penalty? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age 35, 3 years after first contribution | Withdraw $5,000 of $5,000 contributions | No | No |
| Age 35, 3 years after first contribution | Withdraw $1,000 of earnings | Yes (ordinary income) | Yes (10%) |
| Age 60, only 3 years since first contribution | Withdraw $10,000 of earnings | Yes (ordinary income) | No (over 59½) |
| Age 50, 6 years after a conversion | Withdraw the converted amount | No (already paid) | No |
| Age 65, 10 years after first contribution | Withdraw anything | No | No |
Roth conversion ladder strategy
Early retirees use a Roth conversion ladder: convert pre-tax money each year (paying tax now), then withdraw the converted amounts after 5 years — penalty-free even before 59½. This is one of the few legal ways to access pre-tax retirement money without the 10% early-withdrawal penalty. Plan: convert at age 50, withdraw at 55. Convert at 51, withdraw at 56. Etc.
5-year rules per IRC §408A(d)(2)(B) (qualifying-distribution rule) and §408A(d)(3)(F) (conversion rule). Withdrawal-ordering rules (contributions first, then conversions oldest-first, then earnings) per IRS Pub 590-B. The contribution clock starts Jan 1 of FIRST contribution year, even if the contribution was made in the following calendar year (e.g., 2024 contribution made April 2025 starts the clock Jan 1, 2024).
Roth IRA Optimization Matrix — Maximizing The Wrapper's Value
Once you can contribute, four levers determine how much wealth you actually build inside the Roth wrapper: contribution amount, investment selection, account placement, and withdrawal timing. Optimizing each delivers compounding gains.
| Lever | Sub-Optimal | Optimal | 30-Year $$ Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contribution amount | $3,000/yr partial | $7,500/yr full max | +$439,000 vs partial |
| Asset class in Roth | Bonds (low growth) | Stocks (high growth) | +$284,000 vs bonds |
| Fund expense ratio | 0.95% mutual fund | 0.03% index ETF | +$57,000 less drag |
| Withdrawal timing | Withdraw at 65 | Hold for heir / late-withdraw | +$300,000+ for inheritance |
| Conversion timing | Convert at 60% bracket | Convert in 12-22% gap years | +$50,000-$200,000 saved tax |
Asset placement principle ⚙
Put your highest-expected-return assets in Roth. Stocks (10%+ historical) inside Roth means tax-free 10% growth. Bonds (4-5%) inside Roth wastes the wrapper. Across all your accounts, use Roth for stocks, taxable for bonds (which generate tax-inefficient income).
The "max + index" combo VTI
Fidelity FZROX (0.00%) or Vanguard VTI (0.03%) total-market index inside a Roth at the IRS max for 35 years generates ~$1.04M tax-free. The combination of full contribution + lowest-cost index is the Boglehead default.
Conversion ladder timing 60-72
Between retiring (60-65) and Social Security/RMDs (70-73), your tax bracket is often unusually low. Convert pre-tax IRA balances at the 12% or 22% bracket — not the 32% you might have paid contributing. This is the most under-used Roth strategy.
By age — what to optimize for
| Age Range | Primary Roth Optimization Goal | Specific Action |
|---|---|---|
| 20-30s | Maximize tax-free compounding window | Contribute full $7,500. 100% stocks. Pick lowest-fee total-market index. |
| 30-50 | Defend wrapper from MAGI creep | Watch phase-outs. If income approaches $153K single / $242K MFJ, learn Backdoor Roth. |
| 50-59 | Add catch-up; plan conversion ladder | Contribute $8,600/yr. Begin mapping pre-tax balances for future conversions. |
| 60-72 | Execute conversions in low bracket | Convert pre-tax IRAs at 12%-22% gap-year bracket before SS + RMDs raise income. |
| 72+ | Preserve for heirs (Roth NEVER has owner RMDs) | Spend pre-tax IRA RMDs first. Roth grows untouched as legacy. |
Asset placement guidance from Bogleheads wiki and CFP curriculum. The "asset location" strategy (different from asset allocation) is foundational tax-efficient investing per Vanguard, Fidelity, and academic literature including Reichenstein & Jennings on tax-efficient withdrawal sequencing.
The Inheritance Edge — Where Roth IRA Dominates
Roth IRAs are uniquely powerful as legacy vehicles. The original owner has no lifetime RMDs (per IRC §408A(c)(5)), so the account can grow tax-free for 30-40+ years if not needed. Spouse beneficiaries inherit it tax-free. Even non-spouse beneficiaries get 10 years of additional tax-free growth before mandatory distribution.
| Beneficiary | RMDs Required? | Tax on Withdrawals? | Total Tax Burden vs Trad IRA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Original owner | NO (Roth) vs YES (Trad at 73) | NO (Roth) vs YES (Trad ordinary income) | Roth saves ~25-37% on every dollar withdrawn |
| Spouse beneficiary | NO (treats as own Roth) | NO | Identical to original owner |
| Non-spouse adult (10-year rule) | Drain entire balance within 10 years | NO (Roth) vs YES (Trad ordinary at heir's bracket) | Roth saves heir's marginal bracket × inherited amount |
| Disabled / chronically ill | RMDs over life expectancy (eligible designated beneficiary) | NO (Roth) vs YES (Trad) | Decades of tax-free growth preserved |
| Charity | None at organization level | None | Equivalent (charity tax-exempt anyway) |
Estate planning considerations
- Roth IRAs are NOT subject to estate income tax. They flow to beneficiaries tax-free. Estate tax (federal $13.99M exemption in 2025) still applies, but income tax does not.
- Trust beneficiary considerations: If the Roth names a non-spouse trust as beneficiary, the 10-year rule applies but the trust may distribute over 10 years to control distributions to the actual heirs.
- The "stretch IRA" used to allow lifetime distributions for non-spouse heirs. SECURE Act of 2019 ended this for most beneficiaries (10-year rule now applies). But Roth's tax-free status means the 10-year rule is much less harmful than for Trad IRAs.
- Roth conversions during low-income retirement years are a powerful estate-planning tool: pay tax at YOUR low retirement bracket so heirs avoid tax at THEIR (potentially higher) working bracket.
RMD exemption per IRC §408A(c)(5). 10-year rule per SECURE Act 2019 / IRC §401(a)(9)(H). Eligible designated beneficiary categories (spouse, minor child, disabled, chronically ill, beneficiary not more than 10 years younger) per IRC §401(a)(9)(E).
Continue your IRA decision
Things to Know
Essential concepts for understanding your results
Contribution RulesWho can contribute to a Roth IRA and how much?
2026 limit: $7,000/year ($8,000 if age 50+). Income phase-outs: single filers with MAGI $150,000-$165,000 get reduced limits; above $165,000 cannot contribute directly. Married filing jointly: $236,000-$246,000 phase-out. The backdoor Roth — contributing to a traditional IRA then converting — allows high earners to bypass income limits legally. Contributions (not earnings) can be withdrawn anytime without tax or penalty.
Tax AdvantagesWhat makes a Roth IRA special?
Roth IRAs offer triple tax benefits: tax-free growth (no annual capital gains tax), tax-free qualified withdrawals after age 59½ and 5 years, and no required minimum distributions (RMDs) ever. A $7,000 annual contribution growing at 8% for 30 years reaches approximately $830,000 — all withdrawable tax-free. This tax-free status makes the Roth the most powerful retirement account for young investors in lower tax brackets.
Roth vs TraditionalShould you choose a Roth or traditional IRA?
Choose Roth if: you expect higher taxes in retirement, you are early in your career (lower current bracket), you want tax-free income flexibility in retirement, or you want to avoid RMDs. Choose traditional if: you are in your peak earning years (32-37% bracket) and expect a lower retirement bracket, or you need the immediate tax deduction. Many advisors recommend having both for tax diversification.
Investment ChoicesWhat should you invest in inside a Roth IRA?
Since Roth growth is forever tax-free, allocate your highest-growth assets here: total stock market index funds, growth-oriented ETFs, and small-cap funds. Bonds and stable-value funds are better suited for traditional (taxable) accounts where they generate less taxable income. A single total stock market index fund (VTI, FZROX) with a 0.00-0.04% expense ratio is the optimal simple choice for most Roth IRA investors.
Frequently Asked Questions
The 14 most-asked questions about Roth IRAs. For deeper analysis, see the Decision Support System above.
Roth IRA Glossary
Essential terms for understanding Roth IRA rules and strategies.
- Roth IRA
- An individual retirement account funded with after-tax dollars. Earnings grow tax-free and qualified withdrawals are completely tax-free. 2026 limit: $7,000/year ($8,000 age 50+).
- MAGI
- Modified Adjusted Gross Income. Used to determine Roth IRA eligibility. Your AGI plus certain add-backs (student loan interest, foreign earned income exclusion). 2026 phase-out starts at $150K single / $236K married.
- Backdoor Roth
- Legal strategy for high earners: contribute to non-deductible Traditional IRA, immediately convert to Roth. Requires no existing pre-tax IRA balance to avoid the pro-rata rule.
- Mega Backdoor Roth
- After-tax 401(k) contributions converted to Roth — up to $46,500 additional in 2026 if your employer plan allows. Stacks on top of normal Roth IRA and 401(k) contributions.
- 5-Year Rule (Contributions)
- Earnings withdrawals are only tax-free if 5 years have passed since your first Roth contribution. Clock starts January 1 of the contribution year. Applies once across all your Roth IRAs.
- 5-Year Rule (Conversions)
- Separate 5-year clock for each Roth conversion. Converted amounts can't be withdrawn penalty-free until 5 years after conversion. Aimed at preventing rapid conversion-and-withdraw schemes.
- Qualified Withdrawal
- A tax-free, penalty-free withdrawal of Roth IRA earnings. Requires both age 59.5+ AND 5+ years since first Roth contribution. Exceptions: first-time home purchase ($10K), qualified higher education expenses, disability, death.
- RMDs
- Required Minimum Distributions. Roth IRAs have NO RMDs during the original owner's lifetime — a major advantage over Traditional IRAs and 401(k)s, where RMDs begin at age 73.
This calculator is for informational and educational purposes only. Results are estimates based on the information you provide and standard financial formulas. This is not financial advice. Consult a qualified financial advisor for decisions specific to your situation. Full Disclaimer
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